Lung Cancer Worldwide Editorials
Lung Cancer in Turkey
Turkey stretches from the Balkans to the Middle East and is among the larger countries in terms of land area and population (Fig. 1). Turkey’s population of approximately 85 million people encompasses a diverse genomic, ethnic, and cultural heritage with roots from several empires and civilizations dating back to the Paleolithic age. According to the GLOBOCAN 20201 registry, lung cancer (LC) comprises 17.6% of all cancer types. It ranks highest in Turkey, with 41,000 new cases in 2020 and an age-adjusted incidence rate of 41.7 and 8.7 per 100,000 for men and women, respectively.Lung Cancer in Rwanda
Rwanda is a landlocked country in East Africa with an estimated population of approximately 12.5 million in 2018, making it the second most densely populated country in Africa.1,2 Rwanda is counted among low-income countries, with a little more than 80% of Rwandans living in rural areas. Women represent approximately a half of the population.3 Figure 1 is the map of Rwanda in relation to its neighboring countries.Lung Cancer in Serbia
The Republic of Serbia is located in Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula (Fig. 1). According to official government sources1, the population of Serbia is 7,186,862 (without Kosovo and Metohija), of which 1,659,440 reside in the capital, Belgrade. Serbia has two autonomous provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija, and is predominantly inhabited by Orthodox Christians (84.6%), along with Roman Catholics (5%), Muslims (3%), and other religions (7.4%).Lung Cancer in Colombia
Colombia is a country on the northwest of South America, and it is divided into 32 departments, a capital district, 1121 municipalities, and indigenous territories. Population growth in the period 1990 to 2016 was 42.0%, during which time population structure became regressive and older, with most living in urban areas (82%) (Fig. 1A–C). The Colombian health system is made up of a social security sector and a private sector. The system's backbone is the General Social Security Health System, with a coverage near to 100%.Lung Cancer in Germany
Since the reunification of the Federal Republic of Germany with the German Democratic Republic in 1990, Germany, situated in middle Europe, has become the most populous country in Europe with 83.5 million inhabitants. With a gross domestic product of 3.8 trillion U.S. dollars (2020), it is the largest national economy in the European Union and the fourth worldwide. As a result of the political reorganization after World War II, a federal organization has been adopted, delegating a large number of tasks to each of the 16 federal states, thereby, enabling a more regionalized approach (e.g., education or the health system).Lung Cancer in Pakistan
Pakistan is the fifth most populous country in the world with an estimated population of more than 207 million located in South Central Asia between the Himalayas and Arabian Gulf. It has a population density of 260 per km2 with 10 major metropolitan cities. Although each of these 10 cities has a population of more than 10 million, only 36.4% of the total population lives in urban areas. Administratively, it consists of four provinces and federal capital territory as illustrated in Figure 1.1 Pakistan ranks as a low- to middle-income country with a gross national income per capita of USD 1410 according to the World Bank 2020 data.Lung Cancer in Sudan
Sudan, with an area of 1,886,068 km2, is the third-largest country in Africa. This African Arab country is surrounded by North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East. In 2020, the population of Sudan was about 43.8 million.1 The population structure is young, with approximately 40% under 15 years of age, as illustrated in Figure 1. Sudan is a low-income country despite its abundant natural resources, with approximately half of the population living below the poverty line. In 2011, with the independence of South Sudan under the term of Comprehensive Peace Agreement,2 Sudan lost almost half of its revenue, as South Sudan took with it approximately 75% of all oil production and reserves.Lung Cancer in Japan
Japan is located in East Asia and consists of five large islands and numerous smaller islands, with a total of 6852 islands (Fig. 1). Mountainous areas cover 75% of the country, and the population is concentrated in the plains along the coast. Because it is an island nation and because of the policy of seclusion that lasted for more than 300 years during the Edo period, it is almost ethnically homogeneous. The total population is 125.36 million, ranking 11th in the world. The average life expectancy of men is 81 years, and that of women is 87 years, making Japan a country with one of the highest life expectancies in the world.Lung Cancer in the United Kingdom
The U.K. population is approximately 67 million, of whom most (85%) reside in England, with 8%, 5%, and 3% residing in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland (NI), respectively. Most U.K. health care including cancer diagnosis and treatment is delivered in a “free-at-the point of care” National Health Service (NHS), a globally unique government-funded health care network, paid for through taxation, with new interventions undergoing cost-effectiveness appraisal for reimbursement. Private health insurance is uncommon (11%).Lung Cancer in Nepal
Nepal is a beautiful, landlocked country located between India and the People’s Republic of China, with rich cultural heritage and diverse nature. Nepal, with an area of 147,516 km2, occupies 0.03% land area of the world and has a population of approximately 30 million.1 Although small geographically, the topography extends from the flat Terai plains in the south to central hills and high Himalayas in the north. Nepal is home to people of 126 different caste or ethnic groups, speaking 123 different languages.
