Sudan, with an area of 1,886,068 km2, is the third-largest country in Africa. This African Arab country is surrounded by North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East. In 2020, the population of Sudan was about 43.8 million.1 The population structure is young, with approximately 40% under 15 years of age, as illustrated in Figure 1. Sudan is a low-income country despite its abundant natural resources, with approximately half of the population living below the poverty line. In 2011, with the independence of South Sudan under the term of Comprehensive Peace Agreement,2 Sudan lost almost half of its revenue, as South Sudan took with it approximately 75% of all oil production and reserves.
